Electric power supply of electricity consumer objects begins with the laying of power cables from the transformer substation to the connection with the distribution shields of the direct consumers of the electric energy themselves. At the same time, it is very important to carry out not only the accurately accurate calculation and computing work at the choice of guides (cables), but also accordingly, their constituent elements (The section of the veins, Wire material and isolation composition). As well as calculate the conditions and data for installation work. 
It is of considerable importance, eg, and for the Internet, fiber -fiber cable. Therefore, for low-current networks, the calculation is important and all the nuances of the installation of fiber-optic lines are pre-recorded.
Practice shows, that it is possible to achieve electric and fire safety of the corresponding level only if the general complex of these calculations is high -quality. In its turn, the, What should you initially pay attention to when starting the calculation of the cable laying, – This is a type of pipe, in which he is invested.
Cable laying pipes
When installation work on the installation of power cables takes place, mandatory, they are laid in special protective pipes. This is necessary in order, To protect the product from various kinds of harmful environmental influences. for example, From unfavorable (aggressive) soils, from all kinds of currents, which are in continuous movement. As well as different other mechanical damage.
Most often, in practice, its bookmarking in PVC pipe is used. But there are still quite common types of protective pipes, which should be considered for a better understanding of the specifics of the calculations of the work performed.
Also worth noting, if in some cases the use of protective pipes is allowed not to use, then when there is a crossing of roads or any communications at the place of laying of the cable, then the laying in them becomes required.
A variety of pipes
Types such types of pipes:
- PND, PVC - plastic.
This type is most common due to that, Which is the most practical. You can use them not only when protecting power cables, but for communication cables they are also used. Due to the fact, that the pipes are light, They are very convenient for installation and transportation. As well as PND pipes are completely harmless and not explosive. - Flexible two -layer asbestos.
Made taking into account all the requirements CSN en 50086-2-4. Has a clutch in its configuration (Connective) And a protracted wire. The pipe is made from HDPE (outer shell) и LDPE (internal), Due to which it has high flexibility. Most of all, this type of protective pipes is suitable for the underground laying of the cable. - Also, good characteristics of insulation have reinforced concrete and cast -iron Protective pipes. But, As for the latter (cast iron) a negative characteristic should be noted, which consists in their very large weight, why are installation work is complicated. And after that, how the choice was determined in terms of the type of protective pipe, It is necessary to proceed to the direct calculation of the required diameter of the pipe.
To better understand the specifics, Imagine an example of this calculation. In this case, we will be guided, that the type of protective pipe is chosen - PN.
How to correctly calculate the optimal pipe diameter?
In practice, two types of pipe calculation are applied, namely: simple option and complex.
Characterizing The first option, You can distinguish that, that for its implementation you do not need to go into details, namely, no information about the amount of wires in the pipe is needed, not the type of power cable or the distance of the track. true, With this calculation method, certain inaccuracies in the obtained values occur. For the calculation, a specific formula is used, it differs in its component elements due to that, that there are different groups of the difficulties of the cable laying itself. And it is taken, respectively, a certain formula for each group of complexity.
The second method of calculation The diameter is much more complicated. This is due to the fact, that all the information is taken into account - the type of cable and cable ciphers. In order to make this calculation method, It is necessary to turn to the appropriate information database on this profile. for example, The whole process of complex calculation of the diameter of the pipe in the documentation is described in detail, which is called - "Instructions for the installation of electrical wiring in pipes".
In conclusion, I would like to pay attention to, that the safe and uninterrupted electric supply of consumers depends on the correctness of all calculations on the laying of the cable, who need it. Therefore, literacy, coherence and clarity in conducting such calculations, It is such characteristics that must be attended during this calculated work.
Details of calculations and nuances of the installation of wires for the Vols can be found on c-a-v.ru.
